Selected Publications
Chris Kuyatte's Charged Particle Optics Lecture Notes [1967]
This is not a work by Goembel, but is a copy of what has been referred to as C. E. Kuyatte's "unpublished lecture notes" or "Electron Optics Lectures." The notes, in the form of a photocopy of his copy of the notes, was given to Goembel in either the late 1980s or early 1990s by J. P. Doering. Kuyatte's notes present formulae and design guidlines of interest to those who build electrostatic charged particle energy analyzers.
From Physics Today 52(3), 108 (1999); doi: 10.1063/1.882539:
"Kuyatt and Simpson continued their collaboration to improve electron monochromators and analyzers. Later, Kuyatt also focused on the optical properties of electron lenses. Kuyatt and Simpson's 1967 paper in the Review of Scientific Instruments on the principles of monochromator design was a landmark in the development of these systems. Kuyatt further described his design philosophy for monochromators and analyzers in a set of unpublished lecture notes that were circulated widely and used by many scientists as the basis for their own designs."
Goembel's copy of the notes has been scanned and is available here for those who might otherwise not have access to Kuyatte's Charged Particle Optics Lecture Notes [1967].
A Sensor to Avoid Arcing During Grappling
Currently in review.
Plasma Analyzer for Measuring Spacecraft Floating Potential in LEO and GEO
This paper describes the proposed Plasma Analyzer for Space Science (PASS) in detail. It also discusses geometric factor and energy resolution, and presents a comparison of the proposed PASS instrument to an instrument that has been used to measure spacecraft floating potential in GEO. Download Plasma Analyzer for Measuring Spacecraft Floating Potential in LEO and GEO here.
U.S. Patent 6,703,612
This patent describes the large geometric factor charged particle energy analyzer design invented by Dr. Goembel. The patent, Large Geometric Factor Charged Particle Spectrometer is available here.
Instrument for Measuring Spacecraft Potential
This is the paper that introduced the electron-spectroscopic method of spacecraft floating potential measurement. Instrument for Measuring Spacecraft Potential is available here.
Other Publications
Goembel, L., "Grappling with Charging," presented at the 13th Spacecraft Charging Technology Conference, Pasadena, CA, June 26, 2014.
Goembel, L., “Spacecraft Charge Monitor / Electron Spectrometer,” presented at the GEOscan Planning Workshop, Annapolis, MD, March 29, 2011.
Goembel, L., “Benefits of Large Geometric Factor, High Energy-Resolution, Low-Energy Charged Particle Analyzers for Heliophysics Research,” presented at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Sciences and Exploration Directorate, Heliophysics Science Division Seminar, Greenbelt, MD, Oct. 29, 2010.
Goembel, L., “14 years of Spacecraft Charge Monitor development,” presented at the 11th Spacecraft Charging Technology Conference, Albuquerque, NM, Sept. 20-24, 2010.
Goembel, L., “Introducing a Flight-Ready Spacecraft Charge Monitor,” presented at the 48th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including The New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition, Orlando, FL, Jan. 4 - 7, 2010.
Goembel, L., “An improved Spacecraft Charge Monitor,” presented at the 47th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including The New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition, Orlando, FL, Jan. 5 - 8, 2009.
Goembel, L., “Spacecraft Charge Monitor NASA Phase II SBIR contract final report,” Goembel Instruments, Baltimore, MD, March 11, Rep. #2001-P2-Final, 2006.
Goembel, L., Spacecraft Charge Monitor, Eos Trans AGU, 84(46), Fall Meeting Supplement, Abstract SA12B-1105, 2003.
Goembel, L., A Novel Spacecraft Charge Monitor for LEO , 8th Spacecraft Charging Technology Conference, Huntsville, AL, October 23, 2003.
Goembel, L., Ultra-high Resolution Electron Spectrometer, NASA's Sun-Earth Connection Stratigic Planning Workshop, Greenbelt, Maryland, March 2-3, 1999.
Goembel, L., A New Way to Measure Absolute Spacecraft Potential in Low Earth Orbit, Laboratory for Extraterrestrial Physics Seminar, NASA Goddard, Greenbelt, Maryland, February 12, 1999.
Goembel, L., Measuring Spacecraft Potential with an Electron Spectrometer, 6th Spacecraft Charging Technology Conference, Hanscomb AFB, Massachusettes, November 6, 1998.
Goembel, L., J. P. Doering, D. Morrison, and L. J. Paxton, "Thermospheric O/N2 ratios from photoelectron spectra." J. Geophys Res., 102, A4, 7411-7419, 1997.
Goembel, L. and J. P. Doering, A New High Resolution Charged Particle Spectrometer, Spring 1997 Am. Geophys. Union meeting, Baltimore.
Goembel, L., L. J. Paxton, D. Morrison, G. Romick, D. Anderson, C. I. Meng, D. J. Strickland, and J. S. Evans, Low Earth Orbit Satellite Images of the Aurora in the Visible and Far Ultraviolet, Fall 1996 Am. Geophys. Union meeting, San Francisco.
Goembel, L., J. P. Doering, D. Morrison, and L. J. Paxton, Determining Atomic Oxygen Concentrations in the Lower Thermosphere from Photo-electron Spectra: Part II, EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 1996/Supplement.
Goembel, L., and J. P. Doering, "A compact, light weight, high resolution electron monochromator." Rev. Sci. Instr., 66, No. 6, 3472-3474, 1995.
Goembel, L., and F. A. Herrero, "Anomalous meridional thermospheric neutral winds in the AE-E NATE data: Effects of the equatorial midnight pressure bulge." Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, No. 3 271-274, 1995.
Goembel, L., Analyzing Satellite Data for Evidence of Coupling Between Solar EUV Flux and Thermospheric Neutral Winds, EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 76, no. 46, 1995/Supplement.
Goembel, L., J. P. Doering, L. J. Paxton, D. Morrison, and P. K. Swaminathan, Determining Atomic Oxygen Concentrations in the Lower Thermosphere from Photo-electron Spectra. EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 76, no. 17, 1995/Supplement.
Goembel, L., and F. A. Herrero, Coupling Between the Sun and Terrestrial Thermospheric Neutral Winds, EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 75, no. 44, 1994/Supplement.
Goembel, L., J. P. Doering, and J. Yang, "Direct experimental measurement of electron impact ionization-excitation branching ratios: 2. Angular distribution of secondary electrons from N2 at 100 eV." J. Geophys. Res., 99, No.A9, 17477-17481, 1994.
Doering, J. P., L. Goembel, and J. Yang, "Vibrational distribution of N2+A2Pu from 100- eV electron impact on N2." J. Geophys Res., 99, No. A3, 3931, 1994.
Doering, J. P., L. Goembel, and J. Yang, New Results for Ionization-Excitation Branching Ratios in N2 and O2. EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 75, no. 16, 1994/Supplement.
Goembel, L., and F. A. Herrero, Simulating AE-E Wind Measurements. EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 75, no. 16, 1994/Supplement.
Herrero, F. A., J. W. Meriwether, and L. Goembel, The OI6300 MIG and the Vertical Neutral Wind in the Nighttime Equatorial Thermosphere. EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 74, no. 43, 1993/Supplement.
Goldberg, R. A., F.A. Herrero, D.N. Baker, and L. Goembel, Joule Heating in the Mesosphere due to Highly Relativistic Electron Precipitation Events. EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 74, no. 43, 1993/Supplement.
Doering, J. P, L. Goembel, and J. Yang, Coincidence Ionization Experiments on Atmospheric Species of Interest to the Dayglow and Aurora. EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 74, no. 43, 1993/Supplement.
Doering, J. P., and L. Goembel, Application of Recent Coincidence Ionization Experiments on N2 to Auroral Processes. EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 74, no. 16, 222, 1993/Supplement.
Doering, J. P., and L. Goembel, "Absolute differential and integral electron excitation cross sections for atomic nitrogen. 2. The 4S0 - 2p4 4P (1135Å) transition from 30 to 100 eV." J. Geophys Res., 97, No. A4, 4295, 1992.
Doering, J. P., and L. Goembel, The Angular Distribution of Low-Energy Secondary Electrons in the Ionization-Excitation of N2. 45th Annual Gaseous Electronics Conference, Boston, October, 1992.
Doering, J. P., and L. Goembel, "Direct experimental measurement of electron impact ionization-excitation branching ratios: 1. Results for N2 at 100 eV." J. Geophys. Res., 96, No. A9, 16025, 1991.
Doering, J. P., and L. Goembel, "Absolute differential and integral electron excitation cross sections for atomic nitrogen. 1. The 4S0 - 3s 4P (1200Å) transition from 30 to 100 eV." J. Geophys. Res., 96, No. A9, 16021, 1991.
Doering, J. P., and L. Goembel, A New Look at Electron Impact Ionization-Excitation: Angle Resolved Coincidence Results for N2 at 100 eV. EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 72/Supplement, 361, 1991.
Doering, J. P., and L. Goembel, Direct Measurement of Ionization-Excitation Branching Ratios for N2 Using a Coincidence Ionization Technique. 44th Annual Gaseous Electronics Conference, Albuquerque, New Mexico, October, 1991, 95.
Doering, J. P., and L. Goembel, Experimental Direct Electron Impact N I (4S0 - 3s 4P) (1200Å) and 4S0 - 2p4 4P (1135Å) Transition Cross Sections from 30 to 100 eV: Comparison with Revised Fluorescence Values. EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 72, 206, 1991.
Doering, J. P., and L. Goembel, A New Method for the Direct Determination of Electron Impact Ionization-Excitation Branching Ratios: Preliminary Results for N2 at 100 eV. EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 71, 1492, 1990.
Doering, J. P., and L. Goembel, Revised Experimental Values for the N I (4S0 - 3s 4P) (1200Å) Transition from 30 to 100 eV and New Experiments to Measure Direct Electron Impact Cross Sections for Ionization-Excitation Processes. EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, 71, 577, 1990.
Doering, J. P., and L. Goembel, Coincident Electron Impact Ionization Experiment for Atoms and Molecules. 43rd Gaseous Electronics Conference, Urbana, IL, October, 1990.